AC Motor Section (Core Power Source)
AC motors convert AC electrical energy into mechanical energy based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and rotating magnetic fields. The main types include:
Synchronous Motor: The rotor speed is strictly equal to the synchronous speed of the stator rotating magnetic field. The rotor is usually composed of permanent magnets or generates a fixed magnetic field through DC excitation.
Asynchronous Motor (Induction Motor): The rotor speed is slightly lower than the synchronous speed (there is a "slip"). Rotor current is generated through electromagnetic induction, with the common structure being a squirrel-cage design.
Brief Working Process:
Three-phase AC is applied to the stator winding (spatially 120° apart electrically).
A rotating magnetic field is produced, rotating at synchronous speed.
The rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor conductors, inducing current.
The induced current interacts with the magnetic field, generating electromagnetic torque to drive the rotor to rotate.
Note: Single-phase AC motors also exist but require additional starting devices (such as capacitors or shaded-pole structures) and are mostly used in small household appliances.
Gear Transmission Section (Speed Reduction and Torque Increase)
The gear mechanism is usually a reducer connected to the motor output shaft, with the following functions:
Reduce speed: Through multi-stage gear meshing, the high-speed output of the motor is reduced to the required operating speed.
Increase output torque: According to the transmission ratio, the output torque is approximately the motor torque multiplied by it (ignoring friction losses).
Improve positioning accuracy and rigidity: Suitable for situations requiring precise control or high load.
Common gear types include spur gears, helical gears, planetary gears, etc. Among them, planetary gear reducers are widely used in servo or precision control scenarios due to their compact structure and high transmission efficiency.
